Hindi grammar

Every grammar guide of Lingora’s Hindi A1 course, with examples you can listen to.

01Adjectives: DeclensionHindi adjectives are categorized into two main groups based on their endings: those that change form (inflected) and those that remain constant…
02Personal PronounsHindi personal pronouns are categorized by person (first, second, third) and number (singular, plural). However, unlike English, Hindi pronouns also…
03Possessive AdjectivesPossessive adjectives indicate ownership or relationship, corresponding to English words like my, your, his, her, our, and their. In Hindi, these words…
04Verbs: Present TenseHindi verbs in the present tense are divided into two distinct categories based on the nature of the action: Habitual Present: Actions that happen…
05Verbs: Habitual ActionThe habitual aspect describes actions that happen regularly, routines, general truths, or characteristics of the subject. It corresponds to the English…
06Verbs: Completed ActionTo express that an action has been finished, Hindi uses the perfective participle. This form of the verb functions like an adjective: it describes the…
07Conjunctive FormThe conjunctive form (also known as the conjunctive participle) is a fundamental verb structure in Hindi used to connect two actions performed by the…
08Pronouns: Instrumental CaseThe instrumental case indicates the means, method, or agent by which an action is performed. In Hindi, this is marked by the postposition से (se), which…
09Pronouns: Ablative CaseThe ablative case in Hindi is primarily used to indicate separation, origin, comparison, means, or cause. It is marked by the postposition से (se), which…
10Pronouns: Dative CaseThe dative case indicates the recipient of an action or the person experiencing a feeling. In Hindi, this is marked by the postposition को (ko), which…
11Pronouns: Adessive CaseThe adessive case is used to indicate location, specifically the idea of being "on," "at," or "upon" a surface. In Hindi, this is expressed using the…
12Verbs: Perfect TenseThe perfect tense describes actions that have been completed in the past. It corresponds to the English Simple Past tense (e.g., "I spoke," "They…
13Present Progressive with रहनाThe present progressive tense describes actions that are happening at the exact moment of speaking. It corresponds to the English construction "is/am/are…
14Plural with लोगThe word लोग (log) literally means people. In Hindi grammar, it functions as a plural marker specifically for human beings. While many pronouns and nouns…
15Postpositions & the Oblique CasePostpositions are small words that indicate relationships between nouns, such as location, direction, or possession. They function exactly like English…
16PostpositionsPostpositions function similarly to English prepositions (words like in, on, to, from), but with one fundamental difference: they are placed after the…
17Verbs: Imperative MoodThe imperative mood is used to give commands, make requests, offer suggestions, or provide instructions. In Hindi, the form of the verb changes based on…
18Expressing 'must' with होनाTo express necessity, obligation, or compulsion (equivalent to English "must," "have to," or "need to"), Hindi uses a specific construction involving the…
19Verbs: Future TenseThe future tense describes actions that have not happened yet but will take place. In Hindi, this is formed by modifying the verb ending. The ending you…
20Verbs: Subjunctive MoodThe subjunctive mood is used to express subjective attitudes rather than objective facts. While the indicative mood describes what is happening, the…
21Agentive Suffix वालाThe suffix वाला (vālā) is one of the most versatile tools in Hindi grammar. It functions primarily as an adjectival suffix that modifies nouns, verbs,…
22Politeness via PluralIn Hindi, showing respect is a grammatical requirement, not just a choice of vocabulary. The primary way to show politeness or respect to a single person…
23Question Marker क्याThe word क्या (kyā) is one of the most versatile words in Hindi. It functions in two distinct ways depending on where it is placed in a sentence: it can…
24The Vocative CaseThe vocative case is the grammatical form used when you are speaking directly to a person or object to get their attention. While it often looks similar…
25Possession with पासHindi does not have a single verb equivalent to the English "to have." Instead, possession is expressed using a phrase that literally translates to "near…
26The Ergative CaseThe ergative case is a grammatical feature used primarily in the perfective tenses (such as the Simple Past, Present Perfect, and Past Perfect). It is…
27Verbs: InfinitivesThe infinitive is the basic, dictionary form of a verb in Hindi. It is composed of the verb stem followed by the suffix -ना (-nā). In English, this…
28Expressing Needs with चाहनाTo express desires, needs, and obligations, Hindi distinguishes between the active verb चाहना (cāhnā) - to want and the impersonal form चाहिए (cāhie) -…
29The Many Meanings of जानाThe verb जाना (jānā) is one of the most versatile and frequently used words in Hindi. While its primary dictionary definition is "to go," it functions…
30The Many Meanings of देनाThe verb देना (denā) primarily means to give, but it is one of the most frequently used verbs in Hindi because it serves multiple grammatical functions.…
31Verbs: Past PerfectThe Past Perfect tense describes an action that was completed in the distant past or an action that happened before another past event. It corresponds to…
32Completed Action with चुकनाThe verb चुकना (cuknā) functions as a specialized auxiliary verb used to indicate that an action has been fully completed, finished, or "already done."…
33Self-Benefection with लेनाIn Hindi, compound verbs are formed by combining the stem of a main verb with a conjugated auxiliary verb. When लेना (lenā) is used as the auxiliary, it…
34Causative VerbsCausative verbs describe situations where the subject does not perform the action themselves, but causes someone else to do it. In Hindi, almost any verb…
35Expressing 'must' with पड़नाTo express strong necessity, compulsion, or the idea that someone "has to" do something because of external circumstances, Hindi uses the verb पड़ना…
36Accusative marker कोThe postposition को (ko) is one of the most frequently used grammar particles in Hindi. Its primary function is to mark the direct object of a…
37Conjugation of होनाThe verb होना (honā) is the fundamental verb for "to be" in Hindi. It functions as a linking verb (copula) to describe states, identities, and qualities.…