The particle (niniにニ) can be attached to the stem of a verb to express the purpose of an action. This construction is most frequently paired with a verb of movement, creating a meaning similar to "to go/come in order to do (verb)."
01
Forming the Verb Stem
The verb stem, also known as the pre-masu form, is created by modifying the dictionary form of a verb.
Ichidan Verbs (ru-verbs)
For verbs ending in - (ruruるル), simply drop the final (ruruるル).
- (miru, to see) → (mimiみミ)
- (taberu, to eat) → (tabetabeたべタベ)
- (neru, to sleep) → (neneねネ)
Godan Verbs (u-verbs)
For verbs ending with an "-u" sound, change the final vowel from "u" to "i".
- (kau, to buy) → (kaikaiかいカイ)
- (yomu, to read) → (yomiyomiよみヨミ)
- (asobu, to play) → (asobiasobiあそびアソビ)
Irregular Verbs
There are two main irregular verbs.
- (suru, to do) → (shisiしシ)
- (kuru, to come) → (kikiきキ)
02
The Basic Pattern: Purpose of Movement
The most common use of this grammar is to state why you are going to, coming from, or returning to a place. The structure is: Verb Stem + (niniにニ) + Movement Verb. The main movement verbs are (iku, to go), (kuru, to come), and (kaeru, to return).
デパートに服を買いに行きます。
depāto ni fuku o kai ni ikimasu。depâto ni fuku o kai ni ikimasu。でぱあと に ふく を かい に いきます。デパート ニ フク ヲ カイ ニ イキマス。
I am going to the department store to buy clothes.
友達が家に遊びに来ました。
tomodachi ga ie ni asobi ni kimashita。tomodati ga ie ni asobi ni kimasita。ともだち が いえ に あそび に きました。トモダチ ガ イエ ニ アソビ ニ キマシタ。
My friend came to my house to hang out.
昼ご飯を食べに帰りましょう。
hirugohan o tabe ni kaerimashō。hirugohan o tabe ni kaerimasyô。ひるごはん を たべ に かえりましょう。ヒルゴハン ヲ タベ ニ カエリマショウ。
Let's go back home to eat lunch.
03
Use with Other Verbs
While most common with the three main movement verbs, this pattern can also be used with other verbs that imply moving to a location for a purpose.
カフェに休憩しに入った。
kafe ni kyūkei shi ni haitta。kafe ni kyûkei si ni haitta。かふぇ に きゅうけい し に はいった。カフェ ニ キュウケイ シ ニ ハイッタ。
I went into the cafe to take a break.
駅に友達を迎えに出かけます。
eki ni tomodachi o mukae ni dekakemasu。eki ni tomodati o mukae ni dekakemasu。えき に ともだち を むかえ に でかけます。エキ ニ トモダチ ヲ ムカエ ニ デカケマス。
I'm going out to the station to pick up my friend.
本屋に新しい雑誌を探しに寄りました。
hon'ya ni atarashii zasshi o sagashi ni yorimashita。hon'ya ni atarasii zassi o sagasi ni yorimasita。ほんや に あたらしい ざっし を さがし に よりました。ホンヤ ニ アタラシイ ザッシ ヲ サガシ ニ ヨリマシタ。
I stopped by the bookstore to look for a new magazine.
04
Contrast with Nouns of Purpose
Some verbs have corresponding nouns that can also be used with (niniにニ) to show purpose, such as (kaimono, shopping). The meaning is often very similar.
- Verb Stem: (pan o kai ni ikimasu。pan o kai ni ikimasu。ぱん を かい に いきます。パン ヲ カイ ニ イキマス。) - I'm going to buy bread.
- Noun: (kaimono ni ikimasu。kaimono ni ikimasu。かいもの に いきます。カイモノ ニ イキマス。) - I'm going shopping.
The verb stem construction is more specific and versatile, as it can be used with any verb, whereas the noun pattern is limited to verbs that have a common noun form.
Comments
Loading comments…