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Japanese grammar · A1

Expressing 'must not' with -ちゃ

The forms (chatyaちゃチャ) and (jajaじゃジャ) are casual, spoken contractions used to express prohibition, meaning "must not" or "should not." They are derived from the more formal (te wate waて わテ ワ) and (de wade waで わデ ワ) structures. This form is primarily used in informal conversations among friends, family, or when speaking to children.

01

Origin: Contraction of 〜ては and 〜では

The (chatyaちゃチャ) and (jajaじゃジャ) forms are shortened versions of the grammar point (te wa ikenaite wa ikenaiて は いけないテ ハ イケナイ), which means "must not do."

  • (te wate waて わテ ワ) contracts to (chatyaちゃチャ).
  • (de wade waで わデ ワ) contracts to (jajaじゃジャ).

This contracted form is then typically followed by an expression of prohibition like (damedameだめダメ), (ikenaiikenaiいけないイケナイ), or (naranainaranaiならないナラナイ).

02

Forming 〜ちゃ and 〜じゃ

To create this form, you start with the verb's Te-form.

1. Verbs with a Te-form ending in 〜て (-te)

Replace the final (teteてテ) with (chatyaちゃチャ). This applies to all Ichidan verbs, irregular verbs, and most Godan verbs.

  • Ichidan Verb: (mitemiteみてミテ) → (michamityaみちゃミチャ)
  • Godan Verb (-u, -tsu, -ru): (hashittehasitteはしってハシッテ) → (hashitchyahasitchyaはしundefinedゃハシundefinedャ)
  • Godan Verb (-ku): (aruitearuiteあるいてアルイテ) → (aruichaaruityaあるいちゃアルイチャ)
  • Godan Verb (-su): (hanashitehanasiteはなしてハナシテ) → (hanashichahanasityaはなしちゃハナシチャ)
  • Irregular Verbs: (shitesiteしてシテ) → (shichasityaしちゃシチャ); (kitekiteきてキテ) → (kichakityaきちゃキチャ)

2. Verbs with a Te-form ending in 〜で (-de)

Replace the final (dedeでデ) with (jajaじゃジャ). This applies to a specific group of Godan verbs.

  • Godan Verb (-mu, -bu, -nu): (nondenondeのんでノンデ) → (nonjanonjaのんじゃノンジャ)
  • Godan Verb (-gu): (oyoideoyoideおよいでオヨイデ) → (oyoijaoyoijaおよいじゃオヨイジャ)

03

Completing the Prohibition

After conjugating the verb into the (chatyaちゃチャ) or (jajaじゃジャ) form, you add an ending to complete the meaning of "must not." The choice of ending depends on the context and desired nuance.

Using ダメ (dame)

This is the most common and direct ending in casual speech. It can sound strong and is often used when giving a clear, firm prohibition, like a parent to a child or between close friends.

  • 廊下を走っちゃダメだよ。

    rōka o hashitchya dame da yo.rôka o hasitchya dame da yo.ろうか を はしundefinedゃ だめ だ よ.ロウカ ヲ ハシundefinedャ ダメ ダ ヨ.

    You mustn't run in the hallway.

  • 夜遅くまでゲームをしちゃダメ。

    yoru osoku made gēmu o shicha dame.yoru osoku made gêmu o sitya dame.よる おそく まで げえむ を しちゃ だめ.ヨル オソク マデ ゲーム ヲ シチャ ダメ.

    You must not play games until late at night.

Using いけない (ikenai)

This ending is also very common and slightly less forceful than (damedameだめダメ). It can express a general rule or a personal feeling that something shouldn't be done. It is often used when talking to oneself.

  • ああ、もうお金を使っちゃいけない。

    ā, mō okane o tsukatchya ikenai.â, mô okane o tsukatchya ikenai.ああ, もう おかね を つかundefinedゃ いけない.アア, モウ オカネ ヲ ツカundefinedャ イケナイ.

    Ah, I shouldn't spend any more money.

  • 人の悪口を言っちゃいけないよ。

    hito no waruguchi o itchya ikenai yo.hito no waruguti o itchya ikenai yo.ひと の わるぐち を いundefinedゃ いけない よ.ヒト ノ ワルグチ ヲ イundefinedャ イケナイ ヨ.

    You shouldn't speak ill of others.

Using ならない (naranai)

This ending is the most formal-sounding of the three and is less frequent in very casual conversation. It implies that something is forbidden by social convention, moral code, or a higher rule.

  • 約束を破っちゃならない。

    yakusoku o yabutchya naranai.yakusoku o yabutchya naranai.やくそく を やぶundefinedゃ ならない.ヤクソク ヲ ヤブundefinedャ ナラナイ.

    One must not break a promise.

  • 試験中に辞書を見ちゃならない。

    shikenchū ni jisho o micha naranai.sikentyû ni jisyo o mitya naranai.しけんちゅう に じしょ を みちゃ ならない.シケンチュウ ニ ジショ ヲ ミチャ ナラナイ.

    You must not look at a dictionary during the exam.

04

Standalone Prohibition

In extremely casual speech, the ending ( (damedameだめダメ), (ikenaiikenaiいけないイケナイ), etc.) is often dropped, and the (chatyaちゃチャ) or (jajaじゃジャ) form is used by itself as a light prohibition or warning. The intonation is usually falling.

  • あ、それに触っちゃ!

    a, sore ni sawatchya!a, sore ni sawatchya!あ, それ に さわundefinedゃ!ア, ソレ ニ サワundefinedャ!

    Hey, don't touch that!

  • 一人でそこに行っちゃ。危ないから。

    hitori de soko ni itchya. abunai kara.hitori de soko ni itchya. abunai kara.ひとり で そこ に いundefinedゃ. あぶない から.ヒトリ デ ソコ ニ イundefinedャ. アブナイ カラ.

    Don't go there alone. It's dangerous.

In the course

Sentences from Lingora’s Japanese course

4 of the course's 500 sentences use this, the first in lesson 146. A few of them, with the words “Expressing 'must not' with -ちゃ” is about in bold:

  • それは食べちゃダメ!豚肉だよ!

    sore wa tabecha dame! butaniku da yo!sore wa tabetya dame! butaniku da yo!それ は たべちゃ だめ! ぶたにく だ よ!ソレ ハ タベチャ ダメ! ブタニク ダ ヨ!

    Don't eat that! That's pork!

    Lesson 366

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