In Russian, a number decides the case of the noun that follows it. There are three groups, and the last digit of the number decides which group it belongs to.
01
The Three Groups
- 1 (and 21, 31, 101 ...): the noun is in the nominative singular - (odín bilét)
- 2, 3, 4 (and 22, 23, 24 ...): the noun is in the genitive singular - (dva biléta)
- 5 to 20, and anything ending in 5 to 9 or 0: the genitive plural - (pyat' bilétovpjatʹ bilétov)
The numbers 11 to 14 belong to the third group, even though they end in 1 to 4.
Я покупа́ю оди́н бана́н и шесть яи́ц.
Ya pokupáyu odín banán i shest' yaíts.Ja pokupáju odín banán i šestʹ jaíc.
I'm buying one banana and six eggs.
У меня́ две маши́ны, два велосипе́да и три мотоци́кла.
U menyá dve mashíny, dva velosipéda i tri mototsíkla.U menjá dve mašíny, dva velosipéda i tri motocíkla.
I have two cars, two bikes and three motorcycles.
Мне ну́жно купи́ть три но́вых.
Mne núzhno kupít' tri nóvykh.Mne núžno kupítʹ tri nóvyx.
I need to buy three new ones.
Вот два́дцать до́лларов.
Vot dvádtsat' dóllarov.Vot dvádcatʹ dóllarov.
Here are twenty dollars.
02
Words of Quantity
(Skól'koSkólʹko) (how much, how many), (mnógo) (much, many), (maló) (little, few) and (néskol'konéskolʹko) (several) take the genitive plural, or the genitive singular for things that cannot be counted.
Ско́лько э́то сто́ит?
Skól'ko éto stóit?Skólʹko éto stóit?
How much does it cost?
Мно́го люде́й.
Mnógo lyudéy.Mnógo ljudéj.
A lot of people.
Мне ну́жно немно́го воды́.
Mne núzhno nemnógo vodý.Mne núžno nemnógo vodý.
I need a little water.
03
Adjectives After 2, 3, 4
After (dva), (tri) and (chetýrečetýre), an adjective between the number and a masculine or neuter noun goes into the genitive plural; with feminine nouns the nominative plural is also common.
У меня́ два больши́х чемода́на.
U menyá dva bol'shíkh chemodána.U menjá dva bolʹšíx čemodána.
I have two big suitcases.
04
Years and Hours
The rule applies to every counted unit: (god) / (góda) / (let), (chasčas) / (chasáčasá) / (chasóvčasóv), (rubl'rublʹ) / (rublyárubljá) / (rubléyrubléj).
Мне два́дцать оди́н год.
Mne dvádtsat' odín god.Mne dvádcatʹ odín god.
I'm twenty-one.
Э́то сто́ит пять рубле́й.
Éto stóit pyat' rubléy.Éto stóit pjatʹ rubléj.
It costs five rubles.
05
The Number in Other Cases
When the whole phrase is in another case, after a preposition for example, the number declines too and the noun follows the case of the phrase.
Я верну́сь че́рез пять мину́т.
Ya vernús' chérez pyat' minút.Ja vernúsʹ čérez pjatʹ minút.
I'll be back in five minutes.
Я рабо́таю с двумя́ колле́гами.
Ya rabótayu s dvumyá kollégami.Ja rabótaju s dvumjá kollégami.
I work with two colleagues.
In the course
Sentences from Lingora’s Russian course
48 of the course's 500 sentences use this, the first in lesson 31. A few of them, with the words “Numbers and Cases” is about in bold:
У меня две машины, два велосипеда и три мотоцикла.
U menyá dve mashíny, dva velosipéda i tri mototsíkla.U menjá dve mašíny, dva velosipéda i tri motocíkla.
I have two cars, two bicycles, and three motorbikes.
Lesson 33
Я покупаю один банан и шесть яиц.
Ya pokupáyu odín banán i shest' yaíts.Ja pokupáju odín banán i šestʹ jaíc.
I am buying one banana and six eggs.
Lesson 43
У меня две младшие сестры и две старшие сестры.
U menyá dve mládshiye sestrý i dve stárshiye sestrý.U menjá dve mládšije sestrý i dve stáršije sestrý.
I have two younger sisters and two older sisters.
Lesson 138
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