Catalan grammar

Every grammar guide of Lingora’s Catalan A1 course, with examples you can listen to.

01Verbs: Present TenseIn the present tense, verbs change their endings to show who is performing the action. Verbs are grouped into three main categories based on the ending…
02Pronouns: This & ThatDemonstrative words point to people or things, specifying their location relative to the speaker. They can be categorized by distance: aquest and això…
03Adjectives: DeclensionAdjectives must agree in gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) with the noun they describe. This rule applies even when the…
04Reflexive Pronoun 'si'The third-person reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject of the sentence. It can mean himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself (formal), or…
05Verbs: Future TenseThe future tense is formed by adding a specific set of endings directly to the infinitive form of the verb. These endings are the same for all verb…
06Starting an Action with 'anar a'To talk about an action that is about to happen or is planned for the near future, use a conjugated form of the verb anar (to go), followed by the…
07Verbs: Subjunctive MoodThe subjunctive mood is used to talk about situations that are subjective or not considered facts. This includes wishes, doubts, emotions,…
08Indefinite ArticlesIndefinite articles correspond to the English "a," "an," or "some." They introduce a noun that is not specific or is being mentioned for the first time.…
09Definite ArticlesThe definite article, equivalent to the in English, changes to agree with the gender (masculine or feminine) and number (singular or plural) of the noun…
10Nouns: DeclensionAll nouns have a grammatical gender, either masculine or feminine. This gender determines the form of the articles (el, la) and adjectives that are used…
11Verbs: Present ProgressiveThe present progressive tense describes an action that is happening at the exact moment of speaking. It is formed with the present tense of the verb…
12Personal PronounsThe personal pronouns used for the subject of a sentence are as follows: jo - I tu - you (singular, informal) ell - he ella - she nosaltres - we…
13Reflexive PronounsReflexive pronouns indicate that the subject of a verb is also its object, meaning the action "reflects" back on the person or thing performing it. Here…
14Expressing 'to be' (ser vs. estar)The verbs ser and estar both translate to to be in English. However, they are not interchangeable. The choice between them depends on whether you are…
15Possessive PronounsPossessive determiners and pronouns are used to indicate ownership or a relationship. Their form must agree in gender (masculine/feminine) and number…
16Pronouns: Usage of 'hi'The pronoun hi is a weak pronoun (pronom feble) used to replace certain parts of a sentence to avoid repetition. Its meaning changes depending on what it…
17The Many Meanings of 'de'The preposition de is one of the most common and versatile words in the language. Its meaning changes significantly depending on the context, but it most…
18Expressing 'have to' with 'haver de'To express obligation or necessity, similar to the English have to or must, you can use the verb haver followed by the preposition de and an infinitive…
19Pronouns: Direct ObjectsA direct object pronoun replaces a noun that directly receives the action of a verb. This avoids repeating the noun. For example, instead of "I see the…
20Past ParticiplesThe past participle is a verb form that has several functions. It can be combined with the auxiliary verb haver to form perfect tenses (e.g., "I have…
21Verbs: Imperative MoodThe imperative mood is used to give commands, make requests, offer advice, or give instructions. The form of the verb changes depending on whether the…
22Pronouns: Following a VerbWeak pronouns, known as pronoms febles, are short, unstressed pronouns that work together with a verb. While they often appear before the verb, they must…
23Pronouns: Preceding a VerbIn most sentences with a single, conjugated verb, object pronouns (known as pronoms febles or "weak pronouns") are placed directly before the verb. This…
24Pronouns: Indirect ObjectAn indirect object is the recipient of the action in a sentence. It answers the question "to whom?" or "for whom?" the action is done. In English, this…
25Verbs: Conditional MoodThe conditional mood (el condicional) is used to talk about hypothetical situations, make polite requests, give advice, or express speculation. It is…
26Pronouns: Usage of 'en'The pronoun en is a weak pronoun (pronom feble) that primarily replaces a noun or phrase introduced by the preposition de (of, from, about). It has two…
27Past Tense with 'anar'This tense, known as the passat perifràstic, is formed using the present tense of the verb anar (to go) followed by the infinitive of the main verb. It…
28Pronoun 'mi' After PrepositionsAfter most prepositions, the pronoun for "me" is mi. This is a tonic pronoun, which means it can stand by itself after the preposition. It is the…