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Russian grammar · A1

Verbs of Motion

English uses one verb, to go, for walking to the shop, driving to work, and going there every day. Russian divides this space in two ways: by the means of travel, and by the shape of the journey.

01

On Foot or by Vehicle

(Idtí) and (khodít'xodítʹ) are for going on foot, or for going in general within a town. (Yékhat'Jéxatʹ) and (yézdit'jézditʹ) are for any journey by vehicle - car, bus, train, bicycle.

  • Я иду́ в суперма́ркет.

    Ya idú v supermárket.Ja idú v supermárket.

    I'm going to the supermarket.

  • Я е́зжу на о́чень бы́строй маши́не.

    Ya yézzhu na óchen' býstroy mashíne.Ja jézžu na óčenʹ býstroj mašíne.

    I drive a very fast car.

02

One Direction or Back and Forth

Each kind of motion has two imperfective verbs. The first describes motion in one direction at one time: someone is on their way. The second describes motion in no single direction, a round trip, or a habit.

  • (idtí) / (khodít'xodítʹ) - to go on foot
  • (yékhat'jéxatʹ) / (yézdit'jézditʹ) - to go by vehicle
  • (bezhát'bežátʹ) / (bégat'bégatʹ) - to run
  • (letét'letétʹ) / (letát'letátʹ) - to fly
  • (nestí) / (nosít'nosítʹ) - to carry
  • Куда́ ты идёшь?

    Kudá ty idyósh'?Kudá ty idjóšʹ?

    Where are you going?

  • Я хожу́ в шко́лу ка́ждый день.

    Ya khozhú v shkólu kázhdyy den'.Ja xožú v škólu káždyj denʹ.

    I go to school every day.

  • Мне ну́жно е́здить на рабо́ту.

    Mne núzhno yézdit' na rabótu.Mne núžno jézditʹ na rabótu.

    I need to commute to work.

03

Setting Off: по-

The prefix по- on the one-direction verb gives the perfective "set off, go": (poytípojtí), (poyékhat'pojéxatʹ). It is the usual way to say that someone will go somewhere, or went.

  • Я хочу́ пойти́ домо́й.

    Ya khochú poytí domóy.Ja xočú pojtí domój.

    I want to go home.

  • Я хочу́ пое́хать в Кита́й.

    Ya khochú poyékhat' v Kitáy.Ja xočú pojéxatʹ v Kitáj.

    I want to go to China.

  • Я пошла́ в торго́вый центр.

    Ya poshlá v torgóvyy tsentr.Ja pošlá v torgóvyj centr.

    I went to the shopping mall.

04

Going and Coming Back: с-

(Skhodít'Sxodítʹ) is a perfective for a short trip there and back, typically to fetch something.

  • Мне ну́жно сходи́ть в магази́н.

    Mne núzhno skhodít' v magazín.Mne núžno sxodítʹ v magazín.

    I need to pop to the store.

05

Prefixes That Add a Direction

Other prefixes add a direction, and they turn the verb into an ordinary aspect pair: (khodít'xodítʹ) gives the imperfective, (idtí) (as -йти) the perfective.

  • (voytívojtí) / (vkhodít'vxodítʹ) - to enter
  • (výytivýjti) / (vykhodít'vyxodítʹ) - to go out
  • (priytíprijtí) / (prikhodít'prixodítʹ) - to arrive
  • (uytíujtí) / (ukhodít'uxodítʹ) - to leave
  • (zaytízajtí) / (zakhodít'zaxodítʹ) - to drop in
  • (podoytípodojtí) / (podkhodít'podxodítʹ) - to come up to
  • Лю́ди выхо́дят из авто́буса.

    Lyúdi vykhódyat iz avtóbusa.Ljúdi vyxódjat iz avtóbusa.

    People are getting off the bus.

  • Я не приду́ сего́дня.

    Ya ne pridú segódnya.Ja ne pridú segódnja.

    I won't come in today.

  • Подойди́ бы́стро!

    Podoydí býstro!Podojdí býstro!

    Come here quickly!

In the course

Sentences from Lingora’s Russian course

59 of the course's 500 sentences use this, the first in lesson 8. A few of them, with the words “Verbs of Motion” is about in bold:

  • Я хочу пойти домой сейчас.

    Ya khochú poytí domóy seychás.Ja xočú pojtí domój sejčás.

    I want to go home now.

    Lesson 71

  • Я пошла в торговый центр.

    Ya poshlá v torgóvyy tsentr.Ja pošlá v torgóvyj centr.

    I went to the shopping mall.

    Lesson 172

  • Я не опаздываю. Я пришла рано. Пробки были как обычно.

    Ya ne opázdyvayu. Ya prishlá ráno. Próbki býli kak obýchno.Ja ne opázdyvaju. Ja prišlá ráno. Próbki býli kak obýčno.

    I am not late. I am early. Traffic was normal.

    Lesson 279

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