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Russian grammar · A1

Nouns: Genitive Case

The genitive is the most frequently used case after the nominative. Its basic meaning is of: it links one noun to another, but it also follows many prepositions, all numbers from two upwards, words of quantity, and negation.

01

Endings in the Singular

  • Masculine and neuter: -а or -я - (stol) - (stolá), (oknó) - (okná), (móre) - (móryamórja)
  • Feminine in -а / -я: -ы or -и - (vodá) - (vodý), (nedélyanedélja) - (nedéli)
  • Feminine in -ь: -и - (noch'nočʹ) - (nóchinóči)

02

Of: Belonging and Parts

The genitive follows the noun it describes, the opposite of English 's.

  • Э́то маши́на моего́ бра́та.

    Éto mashína moyegó bráta.Éto mašína mojegó bráta.

    This is my brother's car.

  • Води́тель авто́буса во́дит авто́бус.

    Vodítel' avtóbusa vódit avtóbus.Vodítelʹ avtóbusa vódit avtóbus.

    The bus driver drives the bus.

  • Я учи́тель англи́йского.

    Ya uchítel' anglíyskogo.Ja učítelʹ anglíjskogo.

    I'm an English teacher.

03

Quantities

Words of quantity and containers are followed by the genitive.

  • Мне ну́жен литр молока́.

    Mne núzhen litr moloká.Mne núžen litr moloká.

    I need a liter of milk.

  • Купи́ буха́нку хле́ба.

    Kupí bukhánku khléba.Kupí buxánku xléba.

    Buy a loaf of bread.

  • Мно́го люде́й.

    Mnógo lyudéy.Mnógo ljudéj.

    A lot of people.

04

After Numbers

After (dva), (tri) and (chetýrečetýre) the noun is in the genitive singular; from (pyat'pjatʹ) upwards, and after (skól'koskólʹko) and (mnógo), in the genitive plural.

  • У меня́ две маши́ны.

    U menyá dve mashíny.U menjá dve mašíny.

    I have two cars.

  • Я покупа́ю шесть яи́ц.

    Ya pokupáyu shest' yaíts.Ja pokupáju šestʹ jaíc.

    I'm buying six eggs.

05

Absence

After (net), (ne býlo) and (ne búdet), the missing thing is in the genitive.

  • У меня́ нет яи́ц.

    U menyá net yaíts.U menjá net jaíc.

    I don't have any eggs.

06

Prepositions

Many common prepositions take the genitive:

  • у - by, at (someone's)
  • (iz) - out of, from
  • (ot) - from, away from
  • (do) - until, as far as
  • (dlyadlja) - for
  • (bez) - without
  • (pósle) - after
  • (ókolo) - near
  • Лю́ди выхо́дят из авто́буса.

    Lyúdi vykhódyat iz avtóbusa.Ljúdi vyxódjat iz avtóbusa.

    People are getting off the bus.

  • Я дам тебе́ аспири́н от головно́й бо́ли.

    Ya dam tebé aspirín ot golovnóy bóli.Ja dam tebé aspirín ot golovnój bóli.

    I'll give you aspirin for the headache.

  • Чай без са́хара, пожа́луйста.

    Chay bez sákhara, pozháluysta.Čaj bez sáxara, požálujsta.

    Tea without sugar, please.

  • Я рабо́таю до ве́чера.

    Ya rabótayu do véchera.Ja rabótaju do véčera.

    I work until evening.

07

Greetings and Wishes

Wishes are in the genitive, because they stand for "I wish you (some) ...".

  • Хоро́шего дня.

    Khoróshego dnya.Xoróšego dnja.

    Have a nice day.

  • Прия́тного аппети́та.

    Priyátnogo appetíta.Prijátnogo appetíta.

    Enjoy your meal.

08

The Genitive Plural

The genitive plural has the most varied endings of any form:

  • Most masculine nouns: -ов or -ев - (bilét) - (bilétov)
  • Masculine in -ь, -ж, -ш, -ч, -щ: -ей - (gost'gostʹ) - (gostéygostéj)
  • Feminine in -а and neuter in -о: no ending at all - (mashínamašína) - (mashínmašín), (mésto) - (mest) A vowel is often inserted to make the bare form pronounceable: (súmka) - (súmok).

In the course

Sentences from Lingora’s Russian course

159 of the course's 500 sentences use this, the first in lesson 8. A few of them, with the words “Nouns: Genitive Case” is about in bold:

  • У меня две машины, два велосипеда и три мотоцикла.

    U menyá dve mashíny, dva velosipéda i tri mototsíkla.U menjá dve mašíny, dva velosipéda i tri motocíkla.

    I have two cars, two bicycles, and three motorbikes.

    Lesson 33

  • Я покупаю один банан и шесть яиц.

    Ya pokupáyu odín banán i shest' yaíts.Ja pokupáju odín banán i šestʹ jaíc.

    I am buying one banana and six eggs.

    Lesson 43

  • Я купила десяток яиц и для тебя шоколадку тоже.

    Ya kupíla desyátok yaíts i dlya tebyá shokoládku tózhe.Ja kupíla desjátok jaíc i dlja tebjá šokoládku tóže.

    I bought a dozen eggs and a candy bar for you too.

    Lesson 47

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