The genitive is the most frequently used case after the nominative. Its basic meaning is of: it links one noun to another, but it also follows many prepositions, all numbers from two upwards, words of quantity, and negation.
01
Endings in the Singular
- Masculine and neuter: -а or -я - (stol) - (stolá), (oknó) - (okná), (móre) - (móryamórja)
- Feminine in -а / -я: -ы or -и - (vodá) - (vodý), (nedélyanedélja) - (nedéli)
- Feminine in -ь: -и - (noch'nočʹ) - (nóchinóči)
02
Of: Belonging and Parts
The genitive follows the noun it describes, the opposite of English 's.
Э́то маши́на моего́ бра́та.
Éto mashína moyegó bráta.Éto mašína mojegó bráta.
This is my brother's car.
Води́тель авто́буса во́дит авто́бус.
Vodítel' avtóbusa vódit avtóbus.Vodítelʹ avtóbusa vódit avtóbus.
The bus driver drives the bus.
Я учи́тель англи́йского.
Ya uchítel' anglíyskogo.Ja učítelʹ anglíjskogo.
I'm an English teacher.
03
Quantities
Words of quantity and containers are followed by the genitive.
Мне ну́жен литр молока́.
Mne núzhen litr moloká.Mne núžen litr moloká.
I need a liter of milk.
Купи́ буха́нку хле́ба.
Kupí bukhánku khléba.Kupí buxánku xléba.
Buy a loaf of bread.
Мно́го люде́й.
Mnógo lyudéy.Mnógo ljudéj.
A lot of people.
04
After Numbers
After (dva), (tri) and (chetýrečetýre) the noun is in the genitive singular; from (pyat'pjatʹ) upwards, and after (skól'koskólʹko) and (mnógo), in the genitive plural.
У меня́ две маши́ны.
U menyá dve mashíny.U menjá dve mašíny.
I have two cars.
Я покупа́ю шесть яи́ц.
Ya pokupáyu shest' yaíts.Ja pokupáju šestʹ jaíc.
I'm buying six eggs.
05
Absence
After (net), (ne býlo) and (ne búdet), the missing thing is in the genitive.
У меня́ нет яи́ц.
U menyá net yaíts.U menjá net jaíc.
I don't have any eggs.
06
Prepositions
Many common prepositions take the genitive:
- у - by, at (someone's)
- (iz) - out of, from
- (ot) - from, away from
- (do) - until, as far as
- (dlyadlja) - for
- (bez) - without
- (pósle) - after
- (ókolo) - near
Лю́ди выхо́дят из авто́буса.
Lyúdi vykhódyat iz avtóbusa.Ljúdi vyxódjat iz avtóbusa.
People are getting off the bus.
Я дам тебе́ аспири́н от головно́й бо́ли.
Ya dam tebé aspirín ot golovnóy bóli.Ja dam tebé aspirín ot golovnój bóli.
I'll give you aspirin for the headache.
Чай без са́хара, пожа́луйста.
Chay bez sákhara, pozháluysta.Čaj bez sáxara, požálujsta.
Tea without sugar, please.
Я рабо́таю до ве́чера.
Ya rabótayu do véchera.Ja rabótaju do véčera.
I work until evening.
07
Greetings and Wishes
Wishes are in the genitive, because they stand for "I wish you (some) ...".
Хоро́шего дня.
Khoróshego dnya.Xoróšego dnja.
Have a nice day.
Прия́тного аппети́та.
Priyátnogo appetíta.Prijátnogo appetíta.
Enjoy your meal.
08
The Genitive Plural
The genitive plural has the most varied endings of any form:
- Most masculine nouns: -ов or -ев - (bilét) - (bilétov)
- Masculine in -ь, -ж, -ш, -ч, -щ: -ей - (gost'gostʹ) - (gostéygostéj)
- Feminine in -а and neuter in -о: no ending at all - (mashínamašína) - (mashínmašín), (mésto) - (mest) A vowel is often inserted to make the bare form pronounceable: (súmka) - (súmok).
In the course
Sentences from Lingora’s Russian course
159 of the course's 500 sentences use this, the first in lesson 8. A few of them, with the words “Nouns: Genitive Case” is about in bold:
У меня две машины, два велосипеда и три мотоцикла.
U menyá dve mashíny, dva velosipéda i tri mototsíkla.U menjá dve mašíny, dva velosipéda i tri motocíkla.
I have two cars, two bicycles, and three motorbikes.
Lesson 33
Я покупаю один банан и шесть яиц.
Ya pokupáyu odín banán i shest' yaíts.Ja pokupáju odín banán i šestʹ jaíc.
I am buying one banana and six eggs.
Lesson 43
Я купила десяток яиц и для тебя шоколадку тоже.
Ya kupíla desyátok yaíts i dlya tebyá shokoládku tózhe.Ja kupíla desjátok jaíc i dlja tebjá šokoládku tóže.
I bought a dozen eggs and a candy bar for you too.
Lesson 47
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