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Russian grammar · A1

Demonstratives: 'этот', 'тот' and 'это'

(Étot) means this and (tot) means that. Both agree with their noun in gender, number and case. The neuter form (éto) also has a special use: this is, these are, it is.

01

Forms

  • (étot), (éta), (éto), (éti) - this, these
  • (tot), (ta), (to), (te) - that, those
  • Э́та кни́га ста́рая.

    Éta kníga stáraya.Éta kníga stáraja.

    This book is old.

  • Вы зна́ете э́ту соба́ку?

    Vy znáyete étu sobáku?Vy znájete étu sobáku?

    Do you know this dog?

  • Та же́нщина идёт со свое́й соба́кой.

    Ta zhénshchina idyót so svoyéy sobákoy.Ta žénščina idjót so svojéj sobákoj.

    That woman is walking with her dog.

  • Тот мужчи́на бежи́т.

    Tot muzhchína bezhít.Tot mužčína bežít.

    That man is running.

02

In the Other Cases

  • Я зна́ю э́того мужчи́ну.

    Ya znáyu étogo muzhchínu.Ja znáju étogo mužčínu.

    I know this man.

  • Како́й разме́р у э́той футбо́лки?

    Kakóy razmér u étoy futbólki?Kakój razmér u étoj futbólki?

    What size is this T-shirt?

  • Кака́я длина́ у э́тих брюк?

    Kakáya dliná u étikh bryuk?Kakája dliná u étix brjuk?

    What length are these trousers?

03

This vs. That

(Étot) is the everyday word, and it is used much more widely than English this. (Tot) is used when two things are contrasted, or to point clearly to something further away.

  • Не э́тот, а тот.

    Ne étot, a tot.

    Not this one, but that one.

04

э́то (éto): This Is, It Is

When (éto) introduces a noun, it does not change, whatever the gender or number of the noun: it means this is, these are, it is.

  • Э́то мужчи́на.

    Éto muzhchína.Éto mužčína.

    This is a man.

  • Э́то моя́ подру́га, А́нна.

    Éto moyá podrúga, Ánna.Éto mojá podrúga, Ánna.

    This is my friend Anna.

  • Э́то мои́ роди́тели.

    Éto moí rodíteli.

    These are my parents.

  • Что э́то?

    Chto éto?Čto éto?

    What is this?

05

э́то (éto) as a Pronoun

(Éto) also stands for a situation or an idea: this, that, it.

  • Мне э́то не нра́вится.

    Mne éto ne nrávitsya.Mne éto ne nrávitsja.

    I don't like this.

  • Ребя́та, вы э́то ви́дите?

    Rebyáta, vy éto vídite?Rebjáta, vy éto vídite?

    Guys, do you see this?

06

тот же (tot zhe)

(Tot zheTot že) means the same.

  • Тот же са́мый.

    Tot zhe sámyy.Tot že sámyj.

    The very same.

In the course

Sentences from Lingora’s Russian course

89 of the course's 500 sentences use this, the first in lesson 2. A few of them, with the words “Demonstratives: 'этот', 'тот' and 'это'” is about in bold:

  • Это моя подруга, Анна. Она студентка.

    Éto moyá podrúga, Ánna. Oná studéntka.Éto mojá podrúga, Ánna. Oná studéntka.

    This is my friend, Anna. She is a student.

    Lesson 2

  • Эта вода холодная. Та вода горячая.

    Éta vodá kholódnaya. Ta vodá goryáchaya.Éta vodá xolódnaja. Ta vodá gorjáčaja.

    This water is cold. That water is hot.

    Lesson 68

  • Идите и посмотрите на кухню. Она такая маленькая.

    Idíte i posmotríte na kúkhnyu. Oná takáya málen'kaya.Idíte i posmotríte na kúxnju. Oná takája málenʹkaja.

    Go and check out (pl.) the kitchen. It is so small.

    Lesson 322

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