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Russian grammar · A1

Comparatives and Superlatives

Russian has two ways to say bigger or more interesting: a single-word comparative and a two-word one with (bóleyebóleje). For the biggest it adds (sámyysámyj) to the ordinary adjective.

01

The Simple Comparative

Most adjectives add -ее to the stem. The form never changes for gender, number or case, and it is used after the noun.

  • (interésnyyinterésnyj) - (interésneyeinterésneje)
  • (tyóplyytjóplyj) - (tepléyetepléje)
  • (kholódnyyxolódnyj) - (kholodnéyexolodnéje)
  • Сего́дня тепле́е, чем вчера́.

    Segódnya tepléye, chem vcherá.Segódnja tepléje, čem včerá.

    It's warmer today than yesterday.

The same word is also the comparative of the adverb: (bystréyebystréje) is faster and more quickly.

02

Irregular Comparatives

Many common adjectives have a short comparative in -е, often with a change in the stem, or a completely different form.

  • (bol'shóybolʹšój) - (ból'shebólʹše)
  • (málen'kiymálenʹkij) - (mén'sheménʹše)
  • (khoróshiyxoróšij) - (lúchshelúčše)
  • (plokhóyploxój) - (khúzhexúže)
  • (deshóvyydešóvyj) - (deshévledešévle)
  • (molodóymolodój) - (molózhemolóže)
  • (stáryystáryj) - (stárshestárše)
  • Мне нужна́ ко́мната побо́льше.

    Mne nuzhná kómnata poból'she.Mne nužná kómnata pobólʹše.

    I need a bigger room.

  • Э́та маши́на деше́вле.

    Éta mashína deshévle.Éta mašína dešévle.

    This car is cheaper.

  • Мой брат ста́рше меня́.

    Moy brat stárshe menyá.Moj brat stárše menjá.

    My brother is older than me.

03

Than

Than is (chemčem), with a comma before it. After a simple comparative, the thing compared can instead go into the genitive case without (chemčem).

  • Чай лу́чше, чем ко́фе.

    Chay lúchshe, chem kófe.Čaj lúčše, čem kófe.

    Tea is better than coffee.

  • Он вы́ше меня́.

    On výshe menyá.On výše menjá.

    He is taller than me.

04

The Compound Comparative

(BóleyeBóleje) (more) placed before an ordinary adjective forms a comparative that declines like the adjective. It is used where the simple form is awkward and before a noun.

  • Мне нужна́ бо́лее удо́бная о́бувь.

    Mne nuzhná bóleye udóbnaya óbuv'.Mne nužná bóleje udóbnaja óbuvʹ.

    I need more comfortable shoes.

05

The Superlative

(SámyySámyj) (the most) placed before the adjective forms the superlative. Both words decline and agree with the noun.

  • Э́то са́мый лу́чший день.

    Éto sámyy lúchshiy den'.Éto sámyj lúčšij denʹ.

    This is the best day.

  • Э́то са́мая больша́я страна́ в ми́ре.

    Éto sámaya bol'sháya straná v míre.Éto sámaja bolʹšája straná v míre.

    It's the biggest country in the world.

A few adjectives have a separate superlative word: (lúchshiylúčšij) (best), (khúdshiyxúdšij) (worst), (stárshiystáršij) (eldest), (mládshiymládšij) (youngest).

  • Э́то лу́чший рестора́н в ми́ре.

    Éto lúchshiy restorán v míre.Éto lúčšij restorán v míre.

    This is the best restaurant in the world.

  • Мой мла́дший брат.

    Moy mládshiy brat.Moj mládšij brat.

    My younger brother.

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