When certain simple prepositions are followed by a definite article (, , , etc.), they must combine to form a single word. These combined forms are called articulated prepositions (). This fusion is a mandatory rule of grammar.
For example, you cannot say ; it must become .
Il colore del cielo è blu.
The color of the sky is blue.
01
How to Form Articulated Prepositions
The articulated preposition you use depends on the definite article required by the noun that follows. The choice of article is based on the noun's gender, number, and the letter it starts with.
The formula is always: Simple Preposition + Definite Article = Articulated Preposition
The five prepositions that always form these contractions are (of), (to, at), (from, by), (in), and (on).
02
Di (of, from, about)
This preposition is often used to show possession (like 's in English) or to mean "about". When contracted, it can also mean "some" (this is called the partitive article).
di + il → del
di + lo → dello
di + la → della
di + l' → dell'
di + i → dei
di + gli → degli
di + le → delle
Ho letto l'inizio del libro.
I read the beginning of the book.
Parliamo spesso degli esami.
We often talk about the exams.
Vuoi del caffè?
Do you want some coffee?
03
A (to, at)
This preposition indicates direction towards a place or person, or location.
a + il → al
a + lo → allo
a + la → alla
a + l' → all'
a + i → ai
a + gli → agli
a + le → alle
Stasera andiamo al cinema.
Tonight we are going to the cinema.
Ho dato il mio numero di telefono allo studente nuovo.
I gave my phone number to the new student.
Siamo arrivati all'aeroporto in tempo.
We arrived at the airport on time.
04
Da (from, by, at someone's place)
has several meanings, including origin (from), the agent in a passive sentence (by), or indicating someone's home or place of business.
da + il → dal
da + lo → dallo
da + la → dalla
da + l' → dall'
da + i → dai
da + gli → dagli
da + le → dalle
Torno dal lavoro alle sei.
I come back from work at six.
La cena è preparata dalla nonna.
The dinner is prepared by grandma.
Andiamo a mangiare dai miei genitori.
Let's go eat at my parents' place.
05
In (in, into, to)
Used for location (in, into) and for indicating travel to certain places like countries or regions. Note the significant spelling change when it combines with articles.
in + il → nel
in + lo → nello
in + la → nella
in + l' → nell'
in + i → nei
in + gli → negli
in + le → nelle
Il latte è nel frigorifero.
The milk is in the refrigerator.
Nello zaino ci sono molti libri.
In the backpack there are many books.
Ho vissuto negli Stati Uniti per due anni.
I lived in the United States for two years.
06
Su (on, about)
This preposition indicates something is physically on top of something else, or it can mean "about" when referring to a topic.
su + il → sul
su + lo → sullo
su + la → sulla
su + l' → sull'
su + i → sui
su + gli → sugli
su + le → sulle
Il gatto dorme sul divano.
The cat is sleeping on the sofa.
Ho letto un articolo interessante sull'intelligenza artificiale.
I read an interesting article about artificial intelligence.
Le informazioni sono sulla pagina web.
The information is on the web page.
07
Optional Contractions
The preposition (with) can also form contractions, but it is optional and more common in spoken or informal language. In formal writing, it is often better to keep the words separate.
con + il → col
con + i → coi
Vado al parco con il cane. (or col cane)
I'm going to the park with the dog.
Parliamo con i professori. (or coi professori)
We are talking with the professors.
Contractions with other prepositions like (e.g., ) are archaic and no longer used in modern Italian.
In the course
Sentences from Lingora’s Italian course
71 of the course's 500 sentences use this, the first in lesson 36. A few of them, with the words “Joined Prepositions & Pronouns” is about in bold:
Sono andato al centro commerciale.
I went to the shopping mall.
Lesson 172
Sono al mercato. È molto affollato.
I am at the market. It is very busy.
Lesson 249
Voglio comprare questa pianta. Starà benissimo nella mia stanza.
I want to buy this plant. It will look great in my room.
Lesson 384
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