The Reflexive خُود

01

The Forms

⁧⁧خُود⁩⁩ (xodkhodxvd), "self", plus a possessive ending gives the reflexive pronouns.

• ⁧خُودَم⁩

  xodamkhodamxvdm

  myself

• ⁧خُودَت⁩

  xodatkhodatxvdt

  yourself

• ⁧خُودَش⁩

  xodaškhodashxvdš

  himself, herself

• ⁧خُودِمان⁩

  xodemânkhodemânxvdman

  ourselves

• ⁧خُودِتان⁩

  xodetânkhodetânxvdtan

  yourselves

• ⁧خُودِشان⁩

  xodešânkhodeshânxvdšan

  themselves

• ⁧خُودَم آن را دُرُست کَردِه‌اَم.⁩

  xodam ân râ dorost karde-amkhodam ân râ dorost karde-amxvdm an ra drst krdh-am

  I made it myself.

02

As an Emphatic Possessive

The commonest use of ⁧⁧خُود⁩⁩ (xodkhodxvd) is not reflexive at all. Attached to a noun with an ezafe, ⁧⁧خُود⁩⁩ (xodkhodxvd) means "one's own" - and it takes its person from the subject of the sentence, so no ending is needed.

• ⁧پَروازِ خُود را اَز دَست خواهی داد.⁩

  parvâz-e xod râ az dast xâhi dâdparvâz-e khod râ az dast khâhi dâdprvaz-a xvd ra az dst xvahy dad

  You will miss your own flight.

• ⁧لَوازِمِ خُود را جَمع کَردِه‌ای؟⁩

  lavâzem-e xod râ jamʿ karde-ilavâzem-e khod râ jam' karde-ilvazm-a xvd ra jmʿ krdh-ay

  Have you packed your things?

• ⁧کَمی سُرعَتِ خُود را کَم کُنید.⁩

  kami sorʿat-e xod râ kam konidkami sor'at-e khod râ kam konidkmy srʿt-a xvd ra km knyd

  Slow down a little.

In every one of those, ⁧⁧خُود⁩⁩ (xodkhodxvd) refers back to whoever the sentence is about. This is the form you meet constantly in written and formal Persian.

03

Written and Spoken

The bare ⁧⁧خُود⁩⁩ (xodkhodxvd) belongs to writing. In speech people almost always use the suffixed forms - ⁧⁧خُودَم⁩⁩ (xodamkhodamxvdm), ⁧⁧خُودَت⁩⁩ (xodatkhodatxvdt), ⁧⁧خُودَش⁩⁩ (xodaškhodashxvdš) - even where the bare word would be correct.

04

After a Preposition

⁧⁧خُود⁩⁩ (xodkhodxvd) meaning "one's own" works the same inside a prepositional phrase. The preposition takes the noun, and ⁧⁧خُود⁩⁩ (xodkhodxvd) hangs off that noun with an ezafe, exactly as it would without the preposition.

• ⁧با مُشتِ خُود مُشت بِزَنید.⁩

  bâ mošt-e xod mošt bezanidbâ mosht-e khod mosht bezanidba mšt-a xvd mšt bznyd

  Punch with your own fist.

• ⁧اَز تَعطیلاتِ خُود لِذَّت بِبَرید.⁩

  az taʿṭilât-e xod leḏḏat bebaridaz ta'tilât-e khod lezzat bebaridaz tʿṭylat-a xvd lḏt bbryd

  Enjoy your holiday.