Possession with داشتَن

01

The Present Takes No می‌ (mi-)

Like "to be", ⁧⁧داشتَن⁩⁩ (dâštandâshtandaštn) builds its present tense without the prefix.

• ⁧دارَم⁩

  dâramdâramdarm

  I have

• ⁧داری⁩

  dâridâridary

  you have

• ⁧دارَد⁩

  dâraddâraddard

  he has

• ⁧داریم⁩

  dârimdârimdarym

  we have

• ⁧دارید⁩

  dâriddâriddaryd

  you have

• ⁧دارَند⁩

  dâranddâranddarnd

  they have

• ⁧مَن دُو فَرزَند دارَم.⁩

  man do farzand dâramman do farzand dârammn d frznd darm

  I have two children.

• ⁧او یِک ماشینِ کُند وَ اَرزان دارَد.⁩

  u yek mâšin-e kond va arzân dâradu yek mâshin-e kond va arzân dâradav yk mašyn-a knd v arzan dard

  She has a slow, cheap car.

• ⁧خانِه‌یِ خِیلی قَشَنگی داری.⁩

  xâne-ye xeyli qašangi dârikhâne-ye kheyli qashangi dârixan-y xyly qšngy dary

  You have a very pretty house.

• ⁧ما دُو پِدَر وَ مادَر وَ چَهار پِدَربُزُرگ وَ مادَربُزُرگ داریم.⁩

  mâ do pedar va mâdar va čahâr pedarbozorg va mâdarbozorg dârimmâ do pedar va mâdar va chahâr pedarbozorg va mâdarbozorg dârimma d pdr v madr v čhar pdrbzrg v madrbzrg darym

  We have two parents and four grandparents.

02

The Past Is Regular

• ⁧داشتَم⁩

  dâštamdâshtamdaštm

  I had

• ⁧اِمروز گُفت‌و‌گویِ جالِبی داشتَم.⁩

  emruz goft-o-gu-ye jâlebi dâštamemruz goft-o-gu-ye jâlebi dâshtamamrvz gft-a-gv-y jalby daštm

  I had an interesting conversation today.

03

The Subjunctive Is Built the Long Way

Because it has no ⁧بِ⁩ (be-) form, ⁧⁧داشتَن⁩⁩ (dâštandâshtandaštn) makes its subjunctive out of its ⁧ـِه⁩ (-e) form plus ⁧⁧باشَم⁩⁩ (bâšambâshambašm).

• ⁧روزِ خوبی داشتِه باشید.⁩

  ruz-e xubi dâšte bâšidruz-e khubi dâshte bâshidrvz-a xvby dašt bašyd

  Have a good day.

• ⁧می‌تَوانَم صورَتحِساب را داشتِه باشَم، لُطفاً؟⁩

  mi-tavânam ṣuratḥesâb râ dâšte bâšam loṭfanmi-tavânam surathesâb râ dâshte bâsham lotfanmy-tvanm ṣvrtḥsab ra dašt bašm lṭfn

  May I have the bill, please?

04

As a Light Verb

⁧⁧داشتَن⁩⁩ (dâštandâshtandaštn) also builds a whole family of compound verbs about states and needs.

• ⁧مَن بِه یِک ماشین نیاز دارَم.⁩

  man be yek mâšin niyâz dâramman be yek mâshin niyâz dârammn b yk mašyn nyyaz darm

  I need a car.

• ⁧آیا دَرد دارید؟⁩

  âyâ dard dâridâyâ dard dâridaya drd daryd

  Are you in pain?

• ⁧مَن بِه بادام‌زَمینی حَسّاسیَّت دارَم.⁩

  man be bâdâm-zamini ḥassâsiyyat dâramman be bâdâm-zamini hassâsiyyat dârammn b badam-zmyny ḥssasyyyt darm

  I am allergic to peanuts.

• ⁧عَجَلِه دارَم.⁩

  ʿajale dâram'ajale dâramʿjl darm

  I am in a hurry.

05

Other Ways to Own Something

Possession does not always need this verb. An ezafe or a possessive ending will often do the same work in fewer words - ⁧⁧کِتابِ مَن⁩⁩ (ketâb-e manketâb-e manktab-a mn) and ⁧⁧کِتابَم⁩⁩ (ketâbamketâbamktabm) both say the book is mine. There is also ⁧⁧دارایِ⁩⁩ (dârây-edârây-edaray), an adjective meaning "possessed of", which takes "to be" rather than "to have" and belongs to formal description.

• ⁧این مَزرَعِه دارایِ دُو اَسب وَ سِه گُوسفَند اَست.⁩

  in mazraʿe dârây-e do asb va se gosfand astin mazra'e dârây-e do asb va se gosfand astayn mzrʿ daray-a d asb v s gsfnd ast

  This farm has two horses and three sheep.