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Filipino grammar · A1

Prepositions and the 'sa' Phrase

Tagalog has very few true prepositions. Instead, does the work of a dozen English ones, and more precise meanings are built by putting a noun in front of it.

01

'sa' Covers a Lot of Ground

A single can mean in, on, at, to, from, or for, depending on the verb it accompanies.

  • Pupunta ako sa supermarket.

    I am going to the supermarket.

  • Dumarating ang mga bus sa hintuan ng bus.

    The busses are arriving at the bus stop.

  • Nagtatrabaho ako sa opisina.

    I work in an office.

  • Sabihin mo sa akin ang totoo.

    Tell me the truth. (to me)

Because the verb already tells you the direction of the action, does not need to.

02

Building Precise Positions

For a specific spatial relationship, insert a position noun between and a phrase. The pattern is + position + + noun.

  • — inside
  • — outside
  • — on top of
  • — under
  • — next to
  • — in front of
  • — behind
  • — between
  • Nasa loob ng bag ang aking pera.

    My money is inside the bag.

  • Nandito ako sa harap ng pinto.

    I'm in front of the door.

Literally these say "at the inside of the bag", "at the front of the door" — which is exactly how English "inside" and "in front of" work historically too.

03

The Few Real Prepositions

A handful of words behave like genuine prepositions.

  • — for (the benefit of)
  • — from
  • — heading to, on the way to
  • — until, as far as
  • — after, past (of time)
  • — about, regarding
  • — together with
  • — as, in the role of
  • — using, with (a tool)
  • — than
  • Bumili ako ng isa ring candy bar para sa iyo.

    I bought a candy bar for you too.

  • Ang mga tao ay bumababa mula sa bus.

    The people are getting off the bus.

  • Ang babaeng iyon ay naglalakad kasama ang kanyang aso.

    That woman is walking with her dog.

  • Tumawag siya sa akin tungkol sa trabaho.

    He called me about work.

  • Iguhit mo ang mukha ng iyong kaibigan gamit ang lapis.

    Draw your friend's face using a pencil.

04

Pronouns After 'sa'

Remember that takes the sa-set of pronouns, not the ang-set.

  • Nagbigay siya sa akin ng bagong sapatos.

    She gave me new shoes.

  • Dadalhin ko ang regalo sa inyo bukas.

    I will bring the gift to you tomorrow.

Never say sa ako — it is always .

05

'sa' for Time Too

The same marker handles points in time.

  • Pupunta ako sa Lunes.

    I will go on Monday.

  • Hanggang sa muli.

    Until next time.

In the course

Sentences from Lingora’s Filipino course

173 of the course's 500 sentences use this, the first in lesson 9. A few of them, with the words “Prepositions and the 'sa' Phrase” is about in bold:

  • Bumili ako ng isang dosenang itlog at isa ring candy bar para sa iyo.

    I bought a dozen eggs and a candy bar for you too.

    Lesson 47

  • Nakakatawa ka. Sa tingin ko ay nakakatawa ka.

    You are funny. I think you are funny.

    Lesson 169

  • Pumunta ako sa shopping mall.

    I went to the shopping mall.

    Lesson 172

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